View source for Types of Movement

[[Category:Epic Path]]
[[Image:Movement.jpg|500px|right|Running is a great idea right about now.]]
<div style="clear:right; float:right; padding-left:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em">__TOC__</div>


This page has general rules for moving around and the many exciting, fun, and possibly painful things that happen to you when you do so.

If you are looking for what happens to you while moving around, such as getting frozen by cold or baked by the sun, caught in a wildfire or having an avalanche hit you, you should look for the [[Environmental Effects]] rules for guidelines.  Have fun!


==General Movement Rules==
* Epic Path is designed to be run on a square grid, using counters or miniatures for all players and monsters, with all terrain laid out for everybody to see.
* In Epic Path, each square on a combat map is assumed to be five feet on a side, and five feet high.  This basic 5-foot cube is also often called a 'space'. Note that Space has two meanings, and can stand for a five foot square, or it can denote all the volume taken up by a creature (see below).
* All objects and creatures fit into some multiple or fraction of those five foot squares. 
* Moving around on the map costs you five feet of your movement allowance for each square you move. Your movement refreshes when you get another turn.  
* The direction you are moving does not matter: Diagonal moves are the same as straight moves and may be combined with each other in any way that makes sense to you. These '1 for 1 counting rules' are used for all movement.
* When you have moved a distance equal to your movement rate with the movement type you are using, you must stop moving for this round, switch to a different movement type with which you still have some movement left, or declare a double move (see below).  
* Some squares may require more than five feet of move to enter, and some may not be entered at all. Leaving a square is always free.
* [[Theater of the Mind]] is also possible, but requires a cohesive table. You have been warned!
* The GM adjudicates any unusual circumstances.

{{:Walk}}

{{:Part of a Move Action}}

{{:Double Move}}

{{:Run}}

{{:5-Foot Step}}

{{:Crawling}}

{{:Stepover}}

==Withdraw==
'''Type of Action:''' [[Standard Action]]

You can use the ''withdraw'' maneuver to attempt to move out of a location without provoking attacks of opportunity from nearby enemies.  

To perform the maneuver, you must choose one enemy creature that you can perceive and that is threatening you.  This creature is considered the 'primary target' of this maneuver. You may then move up to your speed, and the primary target may not make any attacks of opportunity against you during this movement.  Each square of your movement must take you further away from the primary target (it cannot include any squares that are the same distance or closer than any previous square of your movement).  This portion of the ''withdraw'' maneuver is automatic, and occurs regardless of whether you succeed or fail on the Movement skill check.

If you wish to avoid attacks of opportunity from other creatures in the path of your movement, you must roll a Movement check versus the Maneuver Defense of the target creature.  If you succeed on the check, you may choose one other creature you can perceive and that threatens any squares in the path of your movement, and that creature may not make an attack of opportunity against you during the move, either.  For every 2 by which you exceed the target DC, you may prevent one additional enemy creature you can perceive from making an attack of opportunity against you during your move.

Note that you do not need to move directly away from any creatures other than the creature you designated as the primary target.

Enemies you are unable to perceive may still make attacks of opportunity against you, and you can't withdraw from combat if you're [[blind]]ed.  Because the withdraw action is considered movement, you can't perform a [[5-foot step]] during the same round in which you withdraw.  You may not withdraw using a form of movement for which you don't have a listed speed.

Note that despite the name of this action, you don't actually have to leave combat entirely.

: '''''See: [[Movement#Withdraw|Withdraw]] for details.'''''

==Overland Travel==
Characters covering long distances cross-country use overland movement. While performing overland movement, the characters are subject to [[Environmental Effects]], which can certainly make travel very hazardous in hostile terrains or weather conditions.

Overland movement is measured in miles per hour or miles per day. A day represents 8 hours of actual travel time. If the character has a [[mount]], they use the mounts speed but are still subject to fatigue (details below). If the character has (or is riding on) a crewed vehicle, then they may move longer than 8 hours per day without risk of fatigue. The classic example is a large, crewed sailing ship the characters are simply riding on, in which case a character can ride for 24 hours a day, thus moving up to three times (details below). The GM adjudicates all unusual circumstances.

* '''Walk:''' A character can walk 8 hours in a day of travel without a problem. Walking for longer than that can wear him out (see Forced March, below).

* '''Hustle:''' A character can hustle, moving at double their normal overland speed, for 1 hour without a problem. Hustling for a second hour before a full night's rest deals 1 point of {{dmg|Primal}} damage, and each additional hour deals twice the damage taken during the previous hour of hustling.  Even worse, any character who takes any nonlethal damage from hustling becomes [[fatigued]].  The fatigued condition persists until all Primal damage has been healed.

* '''Run:''' A character can't run for an extended period of time. Attempts to run and rest in cycles effectively work out to a hustle.

{| class="ep-default" style="text-align:center"
|+ '''Table: Movement and Distance'''
! Speed || 5 ft || 10-20 ft || 25-30 ft || 35-40 ft || 45-50 ft || 55-60 ft || 65-70 ft || 75-80 ft || 85-90 ft || 95-100 ft || 105-120 ft || 125-140 ft || 145-160 ft || 165-180 ft || 185-200 ft || 205ft +
|-
! colspan="17" | One Hour
|-
| align="left" | Walk || .5 miles || 2 miles || 3 miles || 4 miles || 5 miles || 6 miles || 7 miles || 8 miles || 9 miles || 10 miles || 15 miles || 20 miles || 25 miles || 30 miles || 40 miles || 50 miles
|-
| align="left" | Hustle || 1 mile || 4 miles || 6 miles || 8 miles || 10 miles || 12 miles || 14 miles || 16 miles || 18 miles || 20 miles || 30 miles || 40 miles || 50 miles || 60 miles || 80 miles || 100 miles 
|-
| align="left" | Run || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
! colspan="17" | One Day
|-
| align="left" | Walk || 4 miles || 16 miles || 24 miles || 32 miles || 40 miles || 48 miles || 56 miles || 64 miles || 72 miles || 80 miles || 120 miles || 160 miles || 200 miles || 240 miles || 320 miles || 400 miles
|-
| align="left" | Hustle || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align="left" | Run || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|}


* '''Note:''' The Movement and Distance chart is fairly self-explanatory, but a note is in order about the 'Move 5 ft' column.  This column assumes the characters are attempting to move a long distance through [[Impeded Terrain]].  A real-world example would be climbing Mount Everest. Mountain climbing is a classic example where it takes a full round effort to move five feet, and doing so all day long will get you a scant four miles, and looking at the table below, doing this in trackless mountains lowers that to a paltry two miles. This seems terrible, and it is. Moving long distances through impeded terrain is punitive and awful, and unless there's a really good reason, players should not try it. Or, get some way of bypassing that terrible terrain. Just ride the eagles, guys.  Now, if the GM wants a story of truly epic struggle, that's fine, but it's going to be a brutal slog.


* '''Terrain:''' The terrain through which a character travels affects the distance he can cover in an hour or a day (see Table: Terrain and Overland Movement). A highway is a straight, major, paved road. A road is typically a dirt track. A trail is like a road, except that it allows only single-file travel and does not benefit a party traveling with vehicles. Trackless terrain is a wild area with no paths.

:{| class="ep-default" style="text-align:center"
|+ '''Table: Terrain and Overland Movement'''
! Terrain || Highway || Road or Trail || Trackless
|-
| align="left" | Desert, Sandy || x1 || x1/2 || x1/2
|-
| align="left" | Forest || x1 || x1 || x1/2
|-
| align="left" | Hills || x1 || x3/4 || x1/2
|-
| align="left" | Jungle || x1 || x3/4 || x1/4
|-
| align="left" | Moor || x1 || x1 || x3/4
|-
| align="left" | Mountains || x3/4 || x3/4 || x1/2
|-
| align="left" | Plains || x1 || x1 || x3/4
|-
| align="left" | Swamp || x1 || x3/4 || x1/2
|-
| align="left" | Tundra, frozen || x1 || x3/4 || x3/4
|}


* '''Forced March:''' In a day of normal walking, a character walks for 8 hours. The rest of the daylight time is spent making and breaking camp, resting, and eating.  A character can walk for more than 8 hours in a day by making a forced march. For each hour of marching beyond 8 hours, the character takes 2d6 points of {{dmg|Primal}} damage and becomes [[fatigued]] until such time as all Primal damage is healed. It is possible for a character to march into unconsciousness by pushing themselves too hard.

* '''Mounted Movement:''' [[Mounts]] tend to have better move speeds than characters traveling on foot, and unless the mount specifically states otherwise, it provides no additional benefits to overland movement.  Mounts can be coerced to hustle, or even forced march.  Since mounts have no hit points of their own (they share the rider's hit points), Primal damage caused by hustling or forced marching is applied the same way as described above, except that the mount is also [[fatigued]], which negatively affects [[Ride]] and [[Handle Animal]] skill checks.

* '''Vehicle Movement:''' Ships, and other vehicles that are propelled by means other than draft animals, may be capable of operating non-stop for all 24 hours of a day.  In such a case, their overland movement numbers are tripled when calculating the distance traveled per day.  Some examples are listed below:

:{| class="ep-default" style="text-align:center"
|+ '''Table: Overland Travel By Vehicle'''
! Vehicle || Per Hour || Per Day
|-
| align="left" | Cart or wagon || 2 miles || 16 miles
|-
| align="left" | Raft or barge (poled or towed) || 1/2 mile || 5 miles
|-
| align="left" | Keelboat (rowed) || 1 mile || 10 miles
|-
| align="left" | Rowboat (rowed) || 1-1/2 miles || 15 miles
|-
| align="left" | Sailing ship (sailed) || 2 miles || 48 miles
|-
| align="left" | Warship (sailed and rowed) || 2-1/2 miles || 60 miles
|-
| align="left" | Longship (sailed and rowed) || 3 miles || 72 miles
|-
| align="left" | Galley (rowed and sailed) || 4 miles || 96 miles
|}

==Space and Reach==
===Space===
All figures are considered to occupy a given amount of space on the battlefield.  Creatures of Size Medium and Size Small take up a single 5-foot square, and that square is often called a space.  Confusingly, smaller creatures take up a smaller space: Tiny creatures take up a 2 1/2 by 2 1/2 foot space, Diminutive creatures take up a 1 foot by 1 foot space, and Fine creatures, no matter how tiny, are defined to take up a 1/2 foot by 1/2 foot space.

This means that small creatures can effectively fit multiple creatures into a 5x5 square.  The space of smaller creatures were carefully chosen such they neatly "pack" into a 5x5 square.  Thus, 4 tiny creatures fit into a five foot square, 25 Diminutive, and 100 Fine creatures could fit into a five foot square.  For practical reasons, it is recommended that no more than four creatures be allowed into one space, no matter how tiny.

<div style="margin-left:1.5em">
==== Size Fine Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of &frac12;-foot by &frac12;-foot, and only has reach within the confines of its own space.
:: '''Note:''' Sized-fine creatures are frequently much smaller than 6-inches in size, but they require this much 'elbow room' to properly maneuver, unless they are part of a swarm.
* Can fit into a gap at least a &frac12;-foot wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 3 inches wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 1 inch wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Can share a 5-foot square with up to three other creatures without [[squeezing]], regardless of the size of the other creatures.
* If the Size-Fine creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +4 size bonus to AC and its [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Suffers a -4 size penalty to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -10 foot penalty to their [[Walk]] speed, due to their size.

==== Size Diminutive Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 1-foot by 1-foot, and only has reach within the confines of its own space.
* Can fit into a gap at least 1-foot wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least a &frac12;-foot wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 3 inches wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Can share a 5-foot square with up to three other creatures without squeezing, regardless of the size of the other creatures.
* If the Size-Diminutive creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +3 size bonus to AC and its [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Suffers a -3 size penalty to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -10 foot penalty to their [[Walk]] speed, due to their size.

==== Size Tiny Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 2 &frac12;-feet by 2 &frac12;-feet, and only has reach within the confines of its own space.
* Can fit into a gap at least 2 &frac12; feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 1-foot wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least a &frac12;-foot wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Can share a 5-foot square with up to one other sized-tiny creature without squeezing.
* If the Size-Tiny creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +2 size bonus to AC and its [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Suffers a -2 size penalty to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -10 foot penalty to their [[Walk]] speed, due to their size.

==== Size Small Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 5-feet by 5-feet (just as a Sized-Medium creature), and has 5-feet of reach (all squares adjacent to its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 5-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 2 &frac12;-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 1 foot wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Small creature.
* If the Size-Small creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +1 size bonus to AC and its [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Suffers a -1 size penalty to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -10 foot penalty to their [[Walk]] speed, due to their size.

==== Size Medium Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 5-feet by 5-feet, and has 5-feet of reach (all squares adjacent to its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 5-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 2 &frac12;-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 1 foot wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Medium creature.
* If the Size-Medium creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a no size bonuses or penalties.
</div>

On the flip side of the coin, big creatures take up more space on the battlefield.
<div style="margin-left:1.5em">
==== Size Large Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 10-feet by 10-feet (2x2x2 squares), and typically has 10-feet of reach (all squares within 10 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 10-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 5-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 2 &frac12;-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Large creature.
* If the Size-Large creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +1 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -1 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.

==== Size Huge Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 15-feet by 15-feet (3x3x3 squares), and typically has 15-feet of reach (all squares within 15 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 15-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 10-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 5-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Huge creature.
* If the Size-Huge creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +2 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -2 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.

==== Size Gargantuan Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 20-feet by 20-feet (4x4x4 squares), and typically has 20-feet of reach (all squares within 20 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 20-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 15-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 10-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Gargantuan creature.
* If the Size-Gargantuan creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +3 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -3 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.

==== Size Colossal Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 25-feet by 25-feet (5x5x5 squares), and typically has 25-feet of reach (all squares within 25 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 25-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 20-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 15-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Colossal creature.
* If the Size-Colossal creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +4 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -4 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.

==== Size Titanic Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 30-feet by 30-feet (6x6x6 squares), and typically has 30-feet of reach (all squares within 30 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 30-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 25-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 20-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Titanic creature.
* If the Size-Titanic creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +5 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -5 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.
</div>

Note that creatures can be larger than Titanic, but it is recommended that all larger figures, no matter how large, be represented in table-top play by figures with a base no larger than 6x6.

<div style="margin-left:1.5em">
==== Size Titanic-Plus Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 60-feet by 60-feet (12x12x12 squares), and typically has 60-feet of reach (all squares within 60 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 60-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 30-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 25-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Titanic-Plus creature.
* If the Size-Titanic-Plus creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +6 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -6 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.

==== Size Titanic-Two-Plus Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 120-feet by 120-feet (24x24x24 squares), and typically has 120-feet of reach (all squares within 120 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 120-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 60-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 30-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Titanic-Two-Plus creature.
* If the Size-Titanic-Two-Plus creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +7 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -7 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.

==== Size Titanic-Three-Plus Creatures ====
* Occupies a space of 240-feet by 240-feet (48x48x48 squares), and typically has 240-feet of reach (all squares within 240 feet of its space).
* Can fit into a gap at least 240-feet wide in all dimensions without [[squeezing]].
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 120-feet wide in all dimensions, but suffers the penalties for squeezing while doing so.
:* Can squeeze into a gap at least 60-feet wide in all dimensions, but it is considered [[impeded terrain]], in addition to the normal squeezing penalties.
* Cannot share squares with other creatures without squeezing, unless those other creatures are at least two size categories smaller than the Size Titanic-Three-Plus creature.
* If the Size-Titanic-Three-Plus creature is a '''player character''' {{smaller|(does not apply to monsters or summoned creatures)}}:
:* Receives a +8 size bonus to its [[Maneuver Defense]] and [[Might]] skill.
:* Suffers a -8 size penalty to its AC and [[Stealth]] skill.
:* Increases their [[Walk]] speed by +10 feet, due to their size.
</div>

This progression continues to any size you may wish, but you will likely have to resolve combats involving such creatures using the [[Glossary_of_Terms#Theater_of_the_Mind | Theatre of the Mind]].

===Reach===
Reach is how far away a figure can attack another figure with a melee weapon or other melee attack.  

Size Medium and Small creatures have a reach of five feet. That is, they can attack into (and thus threaten) all squares that are adjacent to their space.

Size Tiny and smaller figures have no effective reach. They cannot reach into adjacent squares far enough to effectively attack, and therefore they also cannot threaten.  For very tiny creatures, they must enter a larger creature's square in order to attack or threaten it. Entering another hostile creature's space requires a [[Might]] check to [[Clamber]], no matter the size difference, unless you are the larger creature and you are big enough to perform a [[Stepover]] (i.e. at least 2 size categories larger than the creature you are stepping over).  If you wish to move through a hostile creature's space, you must declare an [[Overrun]] (which requires a [[Movement]] check to perform).

A creature always has Reach to all portions of its own space, and therefore can threaten all squares that are within its space.

Big creatures typically have a longer reach. As a general guideline, creatures typically have a reach equal to the side of their space. That is, Size-Large creatures reach ten feet, Huge creatures reach 15 feet, Gargantuan creatures reach 20 feet, Colossal creatures reach 25 feet, and Titanic creatures reach 30 feet.  This is not written in stone, however, and every monster should be referred to in their writeup for what their reach is and how they threaten.

{{:Flanking}}

==Alternative Movement Types==
A number of alternative movement types exist, allowing a wide variety of surfaces and environments to be more efficiently navigated.  Note that these movement types do not provide any useful benefits to movement outside of their native element.  That is, a creature with flight is not a better swimmer because of it, and similarly, a creature with earth glide can't move through the air unless it also has flight.

=== Walking ===
* [[Vaulting]]

=== Burrow ===
* [[Burrowing]]
* [[Tunneling]]
* [[Earth Glide]]

=== Climb ===
* [[Lesser Climb]]
* [[Greater Climb]]
* [[Brachiating]]

=== Fly ===
* [[Hover]]
* [[Lesser Flight]]
* [[Greater Flight]]

=== Swim ===
* [[Lesser Swim]]
* [[Greater Swim]]
* [[Jet]]

=== Teleport ===
* [[Lesser Teleport]]
* [[Greater Teleport]]

{{:Combining Movement Types}}

==Special Movement Rules==
===Encumbrance===
If your character is carrying enough weight, their movement will be slowed. There are three categories of encumbrance, Light, Medium, and Heavy.  The pound value of these categories are determined by the character's [[Strength]] score on the [[Ability_Scores#Carrying_Capacity_and_Encumbrance|Carrying Capacity table]]. This number can be increased by increasing the character's Strength score, or by placing one or more skill ranks into the [[Might]] skill.  Some magic items may also improve a character's carrying capacity.

Each of the encumbrance categories affects your movement exactly as the armor of the same name category.  Namely, Medium encumbrance reduces your movement by five feet if your base move is above 20 feet, and Heavy encumbrance reduces your movement by ten feet if your [[Walk]] speed is above 20 feet and five feet otherwise.  Note that these movement penalties stack with the movement penalties for wearing medium or heavy armor!

For example:  Wearing heavy armor and carrying enough weight to place you in Medium encumbrance reduces your movement by 15 feet if your [[Walk]] speed is above twenty feet or 10 feet if your [[Walk]] speed is twenty feet or below.

If these penalties reduce your base move to zero, you can no longer use a move action to move.  You must now use a standard action to move five feet, and can move no more than five feet per round unless you use an action point to take two standard actions in a round.

In addition to the above effects, weight-based encumbrance lowers your speed when you take a [[Run]] action.  A normal Run action is made at 5x the character's [[Walk]] speed. 
However, if that character has medium encumbrance, the multiplier is reduced by one to x4.  Heavy weight encumbrance lowers the Run multiplier by two to x3.  These penalties also stack with the reductions from wearing medium (-1 to the multiplier) or heavy armor (-2 to the multiplier).  As a result, a creature wearing heavy armor and carrying a heavy encumbrance has a Run multiplier of only x1, meaning they gain no additional speed when performing the Run action.

{{:Squeezing}}

{{:Falling Down}}

{{:Collisions}}

===Falling into Water===
Falls into water are handled somewhat differently. If the water is at least 10 feet deep, the first 20 feet of falling does no damage. The next 20 feet of falling deals half normal falling damage (1d3 per 10-foot increment). Beyond that, [[falling]] damage is resolved as normal (1d6 per additional 10-foot increment).

Characters who deliberately dive into water take no damage on a successful DC 15 [[Movement]] check or DC 15 [[Acrobatics]] check, so long as the water is at least 10 feet deep for every 30 feet fallen. The DC of the check, however, increases by 5 for every 50 feet of the dive.  See Acrobatics for more details.

===Thrown or Dropped Objects===
{| class="ep-default" style="float:right"
|-
! Object Size || Damage
|-
| Tiny || +1d6
|-
| Small || +2d6
|-
| Medium || +3d6
|-
| Large || +5d6
|-
| Huge || +8d6
|-
| Gargantuan || +13d6
|-
| Colossal || +21d6
|-
| Titanic and larger || +34d6
|}
Just as characters take damage when they fall more than 10 feet, so too do they take damage when they are hit by thrown or dropped objects. Note that thrown or dropped object damage is resolved differently from collisions, because such objects are typically thrown by a bad guy, rather than being environmental hazards. Note further that it is possible to have an [[Environmental_Effects#Falling_Objects | environmental]] falling object, such as a tree toppling in a storm, which is resolved via slightly different rules, since there's no bad guy to make a touch attack.

Objects thrown or dropped upon characters deal damage based on their size and the distance they have fallen. The table above details how much damage such an object inflicts.  The nature of the object can raise or lower this damage. A nice, soft mass of falling feathers might do -2 points per die, while loose brush and debris does -1 per die. Thrown or dropped objects that are exceptionally dense, strong, and hard, like solid boulders, might inflict +1 points per die, while objects specifically intended to cause harm in a fall, like pointy stone stalactites, a portcullis, or a pile driver, might inflict +2 points per die.

Dropping an object on, or throwing an object at, a creature requires a ranged touch attack. Such attacks generally have a range increment of 20 feet.  If an extremely large object is being thrown at you it affects an area, and the attacker may roll to-hit against all creatures in the area. What fun! 

NOTE: Falling objects that are part of a trap use the trap rules instead of these general guidelines.

{{:Difficult Terrain}}

{{:Impeded Terrain}}

{{:Blocked Terrain}}

{{:Cutting Corners}}

{{:Hazardous Terrain}}

{{:Occupied Squares}}

{{:Threatened Area}}

{{:Forced Movement}}

== Three Dimensional Movement ==
For three dimensional movement, the '1 for 1 counting rules' in Epic Path greatly simplify calculating ranges.  The reason is simple:  In 1 for 1 counting rules, the different altitudes can be ignored, as long as the difference in altitude is equal to or less than the difference between the figures. A few moments spent looking at a battle mat will demonstrate why this is true, and will explain why Epic Path simplifies this game mechanic.

For example, a ranger wants to shoot an orc who is hiding thirty feet high in a tree. In 1 for 1 counting rules, as long as the ranger is thirty feet or more away from the base of the tree, the range is simply defined as the range to the tree's square.  If the ranger is closer than thirty feet to the base of the tree, the range is simply thirty feet, no matter where he moves around the base of the tree.  This is a tremendous simplification and makes gameplay much faster and smoother. This example illustrates the simplification for 3d distances: choose the greater of the horizontal distance, or the vertical distance, and that is the range. The diagonal component is ignored. Trigonometry is evil!

For this reason, it is strongly recommended that referees enforce 'altitude ceilings' in three dimensional encounters.  This is readily accomplished inside large buildings and caves, etc.  Outdoors, in pure aerial combats, it is usually simplest to abstract 'up' and 'down', so that the maximum distance between two combatants is always defined as the distance between their figures on the map.  Alternatively, the referee may rule by fiat that cloud cover, or a tree canopy, or hazardous smoke/vapor, etc, limits the maximum altitude at which combat is possible. 

If these rules are followed, then range and area of effect in three-dimensional movement is no different than in 2-dimensional movement.  All squares are visualized as cubes.  Moving from cube to cube may be done from face-to-face, or edge to edge, or corner to corner.  All moves and ranges are counted as 1 for 1.

As a corollary to this, when three dimensional movement is being used, all characters are considered to be represented as cubes in space, not squares on the map.  The cube is a number of squares high equal to the number of squares per side of the figure's size. Note that if [[Mounts]] are being used, 3d space is assumed, so that the players normal space is merged into the Mounts space.

Thus, a small or medium creature occupies a cube five feet on a side.  A large creature occupies a cube ten feet on a side.  A huge creature occupies a cube fifteen feet on a side.  Larger creatures continue using this same progression.  For game balance reasons, the same number of smaller creatures will fill a cube as fill a same size square.  Two Small creatures may occupy a five foot cube without squeezing.  Four tiny creatures fill a cube, etc. This rule is to prevent dozens and dozens of enemies from filling a single space.

This system makes it much easier to accommodate feats of derring-do.  For example, how high up is a Huge Elephant's back?  Fifteen feet!  So if a player character jumps to the back of an elephant, that is how far away they are from the ground.  The bottom of the character's cube rests upon the top of the elephants cube, and reach and range are determined accordingly. (In this example, the Elephant is not a Mount, obviously. Unless you tame it. [[Handle Animal]] is pretty awesome!) 

All cubes that border either a side, edge, or corner are considered adjacent in three dimensional movement.

Reach now affects all adjacent cubes, including the one above your head (and beneath your feet) as well as the ones above and below your adjacent squares.

Areas of effect, defined above as squares, are simply counted as cubes in three dimensional movement.  Odd-sized cubes are centered upon a target cube, even-sized cubes are targeted upon the three-axis intersection of eight cubes.

===Forced Movement In 3-D===
Generally speaking, most forced movement occurs in two dimensions, along the ground. This is true even if the forced movement occurs underwater, as long as the creature being moved is on the bottom of the body of water.

Creatures in the middle of water, with no nearby surfaces, who are subjected to forced movement are moved laterally, as though they were in two dimensions.  While this limitation is completely artificial, it makes it simpler to track a battle.  Since you can't suffer falling damage when swimming underwater, there's no actual tactical value for treating the environment as truly 3-D, even though it is.  Adding 3-D elements to such an encounter needlessly complicates it, without providing any benefit.

In cases where the forced movement occurs to a creature in the air, the forced movement is nearly always directly down.  In cases where the type of forced movement (such as a Push) could not be downwards, (for example, a creature on the ground Pushes a creature in the air), then the Pushed creature moves directly up.  

Creatures underground cannot be forcibly moved into blocked terrain (such as the ground) even if the acting creature and the target creature have burrowing move speeds (like Earth Glide).  Forced movement can never be used to force someone into blocked terrain.

Some special abilities exist which allow forced movement to use three-dimensions.  For example, a giant may have the ability to knock a creature up into the air, even when it starts off on the ground. Refer to the special ability for the exact rules to follow in these cases.

GM's should strive to keep this as simple as possible, and limit 3-D forced movement to only directly up or directly down whenever possible.  Keep in mind how complicated it can become to track everyone's exact elevation, and evaluate that against how useful or memorable that complexity actually makes the battle.  In most cases, 2-D is complicated enough.